QUOTES & WORKS
Hello there!
This is just a list to help us memorise the authors that we have already studied in more detail in the units 44 to 54. I have added the literary movements beside the numbers and some notes and keywords about their biographies.
May these lines be a springboard to dive into your memory!
UNIT 44- RENAISSANCE
SHAKESPEARE (1964-1616).
Died at 52. From STRATFORD married Anne Hathaway had 3 children, the boy died. Worked for the 3rd Earl of Southampton: HENRY WRIOTHESLEY. ELIZABETHAN DRAMA, more poetry than action and illusion.
QUOTE: "All the world is a stage, and all the men and women merely players: they have their exists and entrances: and one man in his time plays many parts." (ACT lI, scene 7 from As you like it!)
Venus & Adonis
Sonnets (sonnet 98)
The Rapture of Lucretia
THEATRE:
Henry III
Hamlet
Othello
Romeo & Juliette
As you like it!
Much Ado about nothing
A Midsummer Night's Dream:
The Tempest
UNIT 45- CLASSICISM
JOHNATHAN SWIFT (1667-1745)
Died at 77. Irish clergyman. Resting place in Saint Patrick's Cathedral.
QUOTE: "Vision is the art of seeing things that are invisible"
A Tale of Tub
Battle of Books
Discourse concerning the mechanical operation of the spirit
Gulliver's Travels
SAMUEL JOHNSON (1709-1784)
Died at 75. He suffered from visual problems and characteristic tics of Tourette syndrome. Conservative anglican. Literary critic and biographer. Friend of Samuel Richardson. Harold Bloom admired him.
QUOTE: "The true art of memory is the art of attention"
The Plays of William Shakespeare
Rambler essays
Life of Mr Richard Savage
Life of the Most Eminent English Poets of the 17th & 18th Centuries
The Vanity of Human Wishes ( I guess there is an influence of Paul Bunyan's The Pilgrims's Progress written in 1678)
DANIEL DEFOE (1660-1731)
Died at 70. Flemish descent. Protestant. Merchant (traded wine in Cadiz and Lisbon) pamphleteer and journalist. Once exposed in public in pillory was rescued by Robert Harley, as an exchange he became an intelligence agent for the Tories.
QUOTE: "It's better to have a lion at the head of an army of sheep, than a sheep at the head of an army of lions"
Robinson Crusoe
The true-born Englishman
SAMUEL RICHARDSON (1689-1761)
Died at 71. Printer. Married twice, first wife & 6 children died, married again, had another 6 more and only 4 grew to adulthood! Friend of Samuel Johnson, they helped each other in times of debt. Helped women to write love letters. Started to write novels at the age of 50.
QUOTE: "Love will draw an elephant through a key hole"
Clarissa or the history of a young lady
The history of Sir Charles Grandison
HENRY FIELDING (1707-1754)
Died at 47. Started at his 50's to write novels. Essayist, dramatist, novelist. Wrote his 1st novel as a reaction to Richardson's Pamela.
QUOTE: "Love and scandal are the best sweeteners of tea"
Don Quixote in England
The Wedding-day. A comedy.
NOVELS:
Shamela
The adventures of Joseph Andrews
Tom Jones
Amelia
UNIT 46: AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (1861-65).
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (1809-1864)
Died at 59. He added the W when he became a writer. Democrat. Antiwar position. Biographer of his friend F. Pierce. Henry Melville loved him and D.H Lawrence admired his Scarlet Letter. Knew Ralph Waldo Emerson and the transcendentalist. Bought Thoreau's boat "Pond Lily" and helped when a girl of the neighbourhood was drown in the lake. "Hawthorne: A Life" 2003 by Wineapple, Brenda. Random House NY.
QUOTE: " A hero cannot be a hero unless in a heroic world"
The life of Franklin Pierce
NARRATIVE:
Twice-Told Tales
The Old Manse
The Scarlet Letter
The House of the 7 Gables
The Marble Faun
STEPHEN CRANE (1871-1900)
Died at 27. 1st war American writer, poet, and journalist to portray war realistically without having been there from the point of view of a soldier. 1st American writer to use jargon in his writings in a realistic way and treat slums and prostitution, alcoholism and unpleasant subjects associated with the school of naturalism (French authors). Careful style and imagery, he approached the symbolic and mythical quality of the subject. He was befriended by authors such as Joseph Conrad or Henry James who wrote him when he was ill and sent her sister Cora some money. Inspired Ernest Hemingway.
QUOTE: " I saw a man pursuing the horizon"
The Open Boat
The Blue Hotel
The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky
The Monster
NOVEL:
The Red Badge of Courage
- VICTORIAN ERA (1837-1901)
CHARLES DICKENS (1812-1870)
Died at 58. Worked as a child in a factory, when working as a secretary in a law firm went every day to the theatre and learned monologues by heart; although he was a christian philanthropist disliked Catholic Christianity. Got married to Catherine Thompson Hogarth, had 10 children, separated and lived with Ellen Ternan. He visited America and Canada after the Civil War (1861-65). Built with the philanthropist Angela Burdett Coutts a house for women of the working class called URANIA COTTAGE. Influenced LOUISA MAY ALCCOT in her novel "Little Women" and many others.
QUOTE: "There are dark shadows on the earth but the lights are stronger in its contrast"
Oliver Twist
Nicholas Nickleby
A Christmas Carol
David Copperfield
Bleak House
Little Dorrit
A Tale of Two Cities
Great Expectations
UNIT 48: THE ROMANTICS IN BRITAIN
1. THE FIRST GENERATION OF ROMANTIC POETS: "LAKE POETS"
Characteristics:
- Use of the simplest rhymed stanza of four lines: quatrains. Popular poetry.
-The manifesto asserted the importance of IMAGINATION, INTUITION and FEELINGS in reaction against the Augustan spirit.
- disillusioned with the French Revolution, that became a despotic power.
-Take refuge in: nature, the exotic and ballads.
WILLIAM BLAKE (1757-1827)
Dead at 69. His disciple Richmond wrote, "Just before he died His Countenance became fair. His eyes brighten'd and He burst out in Singing of the things he Saw in Heaven." Protestant, wrote mystical allegory. Poet, painter and printmaker. Lived in London and for short time in Felham. Created his own mythology. He taught his loving wife how to read and write. Poetry & illustration at the same time.
QUOTE: "In the universe there are things that are known and things that are unknown, and in between, there are doors."
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell
The Four Zoas
Jerusalem Hymn : "And did those feet..." written during Napoleonic wars. Inspired by Felpham's landscape. 1808
Milton
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH (1843-1850)
Died at 80. Romantic poet.
QUOTE: poem: "Daffodils" or "I wonder lonely as a cloud..." 1802 went for a walk in nature with her sister Dorothy.
The prelude (autobiographical poem)
Died at 61. Poet, critic. philosopher and theologian. Suffered from bipolar disorder. Friend of Wordsworth and Charles Lamb. Brought the German philosophers into England and America. Influenced Ralph Waldo Emerson (an American transcendentalist). Coleridge coined the term "suspension of disbelief" = to believe what is being said for the sake of enjoying its narrative.
QUOTE: "Imagination is the living power and prime agent of all human perception"
Lyrical Ballads with William Wordsworth
The rhyme of the ancient mariner. Tale the curse that falls on a ship after the killing of an albatross.
Kubla Khan
LITERARY CRITIC:
Biographia Literaria (from Aristotle to Immanuel Kant and Schelling and applied them to the poetry of peers such as William Wordsworth)
2. THE SECOND GENERATION OF ROMANTIC POETS:
- They were born when the ideals of the French revolution were already destroyed.
- Romantic vision of the rebel as hero. They died young and they were rebellious, arrogant, with a contemptuous living attitude, disdain for the established morality.
- There were not a poetic school, simply a natural group related to each other.
- They reacted against British Regency environment and went to the south: Italy & Greece.
- Byron praised Alexander Pope and the Neoclassicism when the Romantic movement was in fashion everywhere.
- Romantic conception of poetic creation as emotional outlet, Byron: "it comes over me in a kind of a rage".
LORD BYRON (1788-1824)
Died at 36 of a fever when helping the Greeks to fight the Ottoman Empire. Rebel and cynic who shocked and fascinated Regency society by his scandalous life. Deformed foot (poliomyelitis) It's being said that he was athletic, a competent boxer and horse-rider and an excellent swimmer.
QUOTE: "Truth is always strange, stranger than fiction"
Poem: "She walks in Beauty"
Don Juan
Heaven & Earth
The Profecy of Dante
Prometheus
Cain
Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
Hebrew Melodies
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY (1792-1822)
Died at 29 drown in a storm in the Gulf of Spezia. Famouse painting of Louis Edouard Fournier - The Funeral of Shelley. Married Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley who wrote Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus in 1818 (daughter of Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft known for her text: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792).
Shelley is the most lyrical. Harold Bloom described him "as a superb craftsman, a lyric port without rival, and surely one of the most advanced sceptical intellects ever to write a poem."
QUOTE: "Fear not for the future, weep not for the past"
Ozymandias
Ode to the West Wind
To a Skylark
Alstor of the spirit of soliude
Adonais
Prometheus Unbound
The triumph of life
PHILOSOPHY:
The Necessity of Atheism
JOHN KEATS (1795-1821)
Died at 25 from Tuberculosis. Studied Medicine. influenced Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Jorge Luis Borges said of his writing " heavily loaded with sensualities"
QUOTE: "Touch has a memory"
Ode to a Nightingale
Ode on a Frecian Urn
Sleep and Poetry
sonnet: "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer"
UNIT 49: IMPERIALISM. IMPRESSIONISM
JOSEPH CONRAD (1857-1924)
Died at 66. Polish-British novelist and short story writer. English his second language and started to learn it at his twenties. Wrote and based his novels on experiences he have while working in the French and British merchant navies. Antiheroic characters. Profoundly explored the human psyche. He met Henry James and Stephen Crane.
QUOTE: "Imagination, not invention is the supreme Master of Art as of life"
Heart of Darkness
Lord Jim
Typhoon
Nostromo
The secret Agent
Under Western Eyes
RUDYARD KIPLING (1865-1836)
Died at 70. Born in Bombay, had an office in Calcutta. We have a video of him talking. He met Mark Twain in EEUU. Henry James admired him and said "Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius, as distinct from fine intelligence, that I have ever known"
POEM: " If you can keep your head when all about you/ are loosing theirs and blaming it on you..."
Kim
The Just so stories
The man who would be king
POEMS:
If
Mandalay
Gunda Din
UNIT 50: THE VICTORIAN NOVEL
-VICTORIAN ERA (1837-1901)
JANE AUSTEN (1775-1817)
Died at 41. She is from the Regency Period. HAMPSHIRE
QUOTE: " I was quiet but I was not blind"
Pride & Prejudice
Emma
Northanger Abbey
Persuasion
CHARLOTTE BRONTË (1816-1855)
Died at 38. YORKSHIRE
QUOTE: “Every atom of your flesh is as dear to me as my own: in pain and sickness it would still be dear.”
QUOTE: "Reader, I married him."
Jane Eyre
EMILY BRONTË (1818-1848)
Died at 30.YORKSHIRE
QUOTE: "Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same"
Wuthering Heights
GEORGE ELLIOT (1819-1880)
Died at 66. Like Dickens and Thomas Hardy she emerged from provincial England; most of her works are set there.
QUOTE: " Animals are such agreeable friends, they ask no questions, they pass no criticism."
Middlemarch
WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY (1811- 1863)
Died at 52. Was born in Calcutta.
QUOTE: "Next to excellence is the appreciation of it"
The luck of Barry Lyndon
THOMAS HARDY (1840-1928)
Died at 87.
QUOTE: " Women are attracted to silent men, They believe they are listening"
QUOTE: " Beauty lay not in the thing but in what the thing symbolised"
The mayor of Casterbridge
Tess of d' Urbevilles
Jude the Obscure
UNIT 51: IRISH DRAMMA IN VICTORIAN TIMES
OSCAR WILDE (1854-1900)
Died at 46. Art for Art's shake. Aesthetic Movement and Decadent movement. He met Walt Whitman in NY. Wilde's lover: Lord Alfred Douglas. Wilde was arrested and convicted two years for hard labour. 1895-97.
QUOTE: "I find it harder and harder everyday to live up to my blue china"
The Happy Prince and other tales 1888
The Canterville Gost 1891.
GOTHIC NOVEL:
The picture of Dorian Gray 1890
THEATRE:
The Importance of being Earnest: trivial comedy for serious people. 1895
Salome
POETRY:
Ravenna 1878
The ballad of Reading Gaol 1898
ESSAY:
De profundis (published posthumously)
A long letter that discusses his spiritual journey through his trial, a counterpart to his first philosophy of pleasure.
GEORGE BERNARD SHAW (1856-1950)
Died at 94. Playwright, critic, polemicist and political activist. Protestant ascendancy family in Ireland. His mother received singing lessons at home from George John Lee. His house was often filled with music. He visited America, we can see him in video. The word "Shavian" for Shaw's ideas and his means of expressing them.
QUOTE: "The whole problem of the world is that fools and fanatics are always so sure of themselves , and wiser people are full of doubts."
Pygmalion (in 1950's the musical: My Fair Lady with Audrey Hepburn, the ending was altered.)
Saint Joan
Major Barbara
The Doctor's Dilemma
Caesar and Cleopatra
UNIT 53: AMERICAN ROMANTICISM
EDGAR ALLAN POE (1809-1849)
Died at 40 in mysterious circumstances. The cause of his death is unknown.
American writer, poet editor and literary critic. Tales of mystery and the macabre. The inventor of detective fiction genre.
QUOTE: "There is no beauty without any strangeness"
The Penn (later The Stylus)
POETRY:
Tamerlane and Other Poems
The Raven
A Dream within a Dream
Annabel Lee
The Bells
SHORT STORIES:
The Black Cat
The Pit and the pendulum
OTHER WORK:
The philosophy of Composition
The Light-House (incomplete work)
HERMAN MELVILLE (1819-1891)
Died at 72. Admired and love Nathaniel Hawthorne. He went to visit Walt Whitman in NY. They were born in the same year and died at the same age. He wrote travel adventures principally.
QUOTE: " As for me I am tormented with an over-lasting itch for things remote. I love to sail forbidden seas and land on barbarous coasts".
Typee
Omoo
Redburn
White-Jacket
Moby-Dick
Pierre: or, The Ambiguities
Billy Budd (about father & son relationship)
POETRY
Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land (Influenced by Paul Bunyan 1678 The Pilgrims's Progress)
Battle-Pieces
Aspects of the War
WALT WHITMAN (1819-1892)
Died at 72. He integrated transcendentalism and realism. One of the most influential poets in American history. The father of the free verse. During the war he visited his brother an worked as a volunteer in the hospitals caring wounded soldiers.
QUOTE: " I believe a leaf of grass is no less than the journey- work of the stars"
On the assassination of Abraham Lincoln he wrote these two poems:
Oh Captain! my Captain!
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom's
UNIT 54: AMERICAN HUMOUR & REALISM
MARK TWAIN (1835-1910)
Died at 74. Worked in a print house, was a pilot of steam boats in Mississippi River. Great Humorist. William Faulkner called him "the father of American Literature." Met Rudyard Kipling.
QUOTE: "History doesn't repeat itself, but it does rhyme"
QUOTE: "In the South the war is what AD is elsewhere, they date from it."
The celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
Life on the Mississippi
NOVEL:
The adventures of Tom Sawyer 1876
Adventures of of Huckleberry Finn 1884
HENRY JAMES (1843- 1916)
Died at 72. The transition from Realism to Modernism. Wrote novel, short stories and theatre. He was also a critic. Studied the French Naturalists and influenced him although at first he was shocked.
QUOTE: " I called people rich when they are able to meet the requirements of their imagination"
The portrait of a Lady (1881)
The Aspern papers (1888)
The Ambassadors
The Wings of the Dove
The golden Bowl
The turn of the screw
GHOST STORIES:
The Holly Corner
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Ana Language Coach